不规则动词速查表
180 个常用英语不规则动词:原形 / 过去式 / 过去分词 / 中文释义,按 AAA、ABB、ABA、ABC 四类变化分组,支持隐藏列自测与 10 词小测验
在线不规则动词表:按「AAA 三态同形(cut-cut-cut)、ABB 过去式与过去分词同形(build-built-built)、ABA 过去分词与原形同形(come-came-come)、ABC 三态各不同(begin-began-begun)」四类分组, 支持按原形或中文模糊搜索、按变化类型筛选;自带「默写模式」隐藏过去式与过去分词两列、点击单元格逐格揭示,以及随机抽 10 词的小测验(输入判分)。 筛选结果可一键复制为 TSV 直接粘贴进 Excel,也可按 A4 打印成速查卡。全部数据在浏览器本地完成查询,不上传任何信息。
词表按维基词典《英语不规则动词附录》与剑桥/牛津学习者词典词表交叉核对整理(含英美式差异备注,如 learn-learnt/learned、get-got/gotten); 部分动词拼写同形但读音变化(read /riːd/→/red/),以权威词典为准。
检索与筛选
变化类型
点击类型查看规律提示;总数与各组计数由词表实时统计,四组之和恒等于总词数。
开启后过去式与过去分词列显示为「···」,点击单元格逐格揭示,先默想再点击验证。
从当前筛选结果中随机抽 10 个动词(不足 10 个则全部抽中),补写过去式与过去分词后判分。
不规则动词速查表
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 中文释义 | 类型 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cut | cut | cut | 切;割 | AAA |
| put | put | put | 放;摆 | AAA |
| let | let | let | 让;允许 | AAA |
| set | set | set | 放置;设置 | AAA |
| hit | hit | hit | 打;击中 | AAA |
| hurt | hurt | hurt | 使受伤;疼痛 | AAA |
| cost | cost | cost | 花费;值(多少钱) | AAA |
| read | read | read | 读(拼写同形,读音 /riːd/→/red/) | AAA |
| shut | shut | shut | 关上;合上 | AAA |
| split | split | split | 劈开;使分裂 | AAA |
| spread | spread | spread | 传播;展开 | AAA |
| bet | bet/betted | bet/betted | 打赌(也用 betted) | AAA |
| burst | burst | burst | 爆炸;突然发作 | AAA |
| cast | cast | cast | 投掷;铸型 | AAA |
| broadcast | broadcast/broadcasted | broadcast/broadcasted | 播送;广播(也用 broadcasted) | AAA |
| forecast | forecast | forecast | 预报;预测 | AAA |
| quit | quit/quitted | quit/quitted | 停止;辞职(英式也用 quitted) | AAA |
| wet | wet/wetted | wet/wetted | 弄湿(英式也用 wetted) | AAA |
| sweat | sweat/sweated | sweat/sweated | 出汗(也用 sweated) | AAA |
| spit | spit/spat | spit/spat | 吐痰;吐出(英式过去式 spat) | AAA |
| rid | rid/ridded | rid/ridded | 使摆脱(英式也用 ridded) | AAA |
| shed | shed | shed | 流出;脱落 | AAA |
| slit | slit | slit | 撕开;切开一条缝 | AAA |
| thrust | thrust | thrust | 刺入;猛推 | AAA |
| offset | offset | offset | 抵消;补偿 | AAA |
| output | output | output | 输出(计算/工业用语) | AAA |
| upset | upset | upset | 使心烦;打翻 | AAA |
| knit | knit | knit/knitted | 编织(英式也用 knitted) | AAA |
| bid | bid | bid | 出价;投标(「吩咐」义时 bid-bade-bidden) | AAA |
| reset | reset | reset | 重置;复位 | AAA |
| input | input | input | 输入(计算用语) | AAA |
| come | came | come | 来;到来 | ABA |
| become | became | become | 成为;变得 | ABA |
| run | ran | run | 跑;经营 | ABA |
| overcome | overcame | overcome | 克服;战胜 | ABA |
| bring | brought | brought | 带来;引起 | ABB |
| build | built | built | 建造;建立 | ABB |
| buy | bought | bought | 买;相信 | ABB |
| catch | caught | caught | 捕捉;赶上 | ABB |
| teach | taught | taught | 教;教导 | ABB |
| think | thought | thought | 想;认为 | ABB |
| feel | felt | felt | 感觉;摸起来 | ABB |
| find | found | found | 找到;发现 | ABB |
| get | got | got/gotten | 得到;变得(美式过去分词 gotten) | ABB |
| have | had | had | 有;已经(助动词) | ABB |
| hear | heard | heard | 听见;听说 | ABB |
| hold | held | held | 拿着;举行 | ABB |
| keep | kept | kept | 保持;保存 | ABB |
| lay | laid | laid | 放置;下蛋 | ABB |
| lead | led | led | 带领;导致 | ABB |
| leave | left | left | 离开;留下 | ABB |
| lose | lost | lost | 丢失;输掉 | ABB |
| make | made | made | 制作;使成为 | ABB |
| mean | meant | meant | 意指;打算 | ABB |
| meet | met | met | 遇见;满足 | ABB |
| pay | paid | paid | 支付;付出代价 | ABB |
| say | said | said | 说;表明 | ABB |
| sell | sold | sold | 卖;出售 | ABB |
| send | sent | sent | 发送;派遣 | ABB |
| sit | sat | sat | 坐;开会 | ABB |
| sleep | slept | slept | 睡觉 | ABB |
| spend | spent | spent | 花费;度过 | ABB |
| stand | stood | stood | 站立;忍受 | ABB |
| understand | understood | understood | 理解;懂 | ABB |
| withstand | withstood | withstood | 抵挡;经受 | ABB |
| tell | told | told | 告诉;辨别 | ABB |
| win | won | won | 获胜;赢得 | ABB |
| bend | bent | bent | 弯曲;使弯曲 | ABB |
| dig | dug | dug | 挖;挖出 | ABB |
| feed | fed | fed | 喂养;进食 | ABB |
| fight | fought | fought | 打架;斗争 | ABB |
| hang | hung | hung/hanged | 悬挂(「绞死」用 hanged-hanged) | ABB |
| learn | learnt/learned | learnt/learned | 学习;得知(美式 learned) | ABB |
| light | lit | lit/lighted | 点燃;照亮(也用 lighted) | ABB |
| lend | lent | lent | 借出;贷款 | ABB |
| shoot | shot | shot | 射击;拍摄 | ABB |
| smell | smelt/smelled | smelt/smelled | 闻;发臭(美式 smelled) | ABB |
| speed | sped/speeded | sped/speeded | 加速(也用 speeded) | ABB |
| spell | spelt/spelled | spelt/spelled | 拼写;意味着(美式 spelled) | ABB |
| spill | spilt/spilled | spilt/spilled | 洒出;溢出(美式 spilled) | ABB |
| spoil | spoilt/spoiled | spoilt/spoiled | 溺爱;破坏(美式 spoiled) | ABB |
| stick | stuck | stuck | 粘住;坚持 | ABB |
| strike | struck | struck/stricken | 打击;罢工(过去分词也用 stricken) | ABB |
| sweep | swept | swept | 打扫;席卷 | ABB |
| swing | swung | swung | 摇摆;挥动 | ABB |
| deal | dealt | dealt | 处理;发牌 | ABB |
| dream | dreamt/dreamed | dreamt/dreamed | 做梦;梦想(美式 dreamed) | ABB |
| flee | fled | fled | 逃跑;逃避 | ABB |
| bleed | bled | bled | 流血;放血 | ABB |
| breed | bred | bred | 饲养;繁殖 | ABB |
| creep | crept | crept | 爬行;蹑手蹑脚 | ABB |
| kneel | knelt/kneeled | knelt/kneeled | 跪下(也用 kneeled) | ABB |
| lean | leant/leaned | leant/leaned | 倚靠;倾斜(美式 leaned) | ABB |
| leap | leapt/leaped | leapt/leaped | 跳跃;猛涨(美式 leaped) | ABB |
| seek | sought | sought | 寻找;寻求 | ABB |
| shine | shone | shone/shined | 照耀(「擦亮」也用 shined) | ABB |
| weep | wept | wept | 哭泣;渗出 | ABB |
| burn | burnt/burned | burnt/burned | 燃烧;烧毁(美式 burned) | ABB |
| dwell | dwelt/dwelled | dwelt/dwelled | 居住;详述(美式 dwelled) | ABB |
| cling | clung | clung | 紧握;依附 | ABB |
| sting | stung | stung | 刺痛;叮咬 | ABB |
| string | strung | strung | 用线串起;上弦 | ABB |
| wring | wrung | wrung | 绞;拧 | ABB |
| wind | wound | wound | 缠绕;上发条 | ABB |
| spin | spun | spun | 旋转;纺纱 | ABB |
| mislead | misled | misled | 误导;引入歧途 | ABB |
| rebuild | rebuilt | rebuilt | 重建;改造 | ABB |
| oversleep | overslept | overslept | 睡过头 | ABB |
| overspend | overspent | overspent | 超支;花超 | ABB |
| sling | slung | slung | 吊挂;投掷 | ABB |
| fling | flung | flung | 猛投;抛 | ABB |
| rethink | rethought | rethought | 反思;重新考虑 | ABB |
| slide | slid | slid/slidden | 滑动;下滑(过去分词也用 slidden) | ABB |
| grind | ground | ground | 磨碎;碾 | ABB |
| bind | bound | bound | 捆绑;装订 | ABB |
| lie | lied | lied | 说谎(「躺卧」为 lie-lay-lain) | ABB |
| fit | fitted/fit | fitted/fit | 适合;合身(美式口语也用 fit) | ABB |
| be | was/were | been | 是;在(过去式 am/is/are 变形) | ABC |
| begin | began | begun | 开始;着手 | ABC |
| break | broke | broken | 打破;中断 | ABC |
| choose | chose | chosen | 选择;挑选 | ABC |
| do | did | done | 做;执行 | ABC |
| draw | drew | drawn | 画;拉 | ABC |
| drink | drank | drunk | 喝;饮酒 | ABC |
| drive | drove | driven | 驾驶;驱动 | ABC |
| eat | ate | eaten | 吃;侵蚀 | ABC |
| fall | fell | fallen | 掉落;变成 | ABC |
| fly | flew | flown | 飞;驾驶(飞机) | ABC |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | 忘记 | ABC |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven | 原谅;宽恕 | ABC |
| freeze | froze | frozen | 冻结;结冰 | ABC |
| give | gave | given | 给;提供 | ABC |
| go | went | gone | 去;变得 | ABC |
| grow | grew | grown | 生长;种植 | ABC |
| hide | hid | hidden | 藏;隐瞒 | ABC |
| know | knew | known | 知道;认识 | ABC |
| ride | rode | ridden | 骑;乘 | ABC |
| ring | rang | rung | 按铃;(钟)响 | ABC |
| rise | rose | risen | 上升;起身 | ABC |
| see | saw | seen | 看见;理解 | ABC |
| shake | shook | shaken | 摇动;握手 | ABC |
| sing | sang | sung | 唱歌 | ABC |
| sink | sank/sunk | sunk/sunken | 下沉;降低(过去分词也用 sunken) | ABC |
| speak | spoke | spoken | 说话;演讲 | ABC |
| steal | stole | stolen | 偷;窃取 | ABC |
| swim | swam | swum | 游泳 | ABC |
| take | took | taken | 拿;带走 | ABC |
| throw | threw | thrown | 扔;投掷 | ABC |
| wake | woke/waked | woken/waked | 醒来;唤醒(也用 waked) | ABC |
| wear | wore | worn | 穿;磨损 | ABC |
| write | wrote | written | 写;写作 | ABC |
| bear | bore | born/borne | 承受;生育(过去分词 born 表「出生」,borne 表「生育/承受」) | ABC |
| bite | bit | bitten | 咬;叮 | ABC |
| blow | blew | blown | 吹;爆炸 | ABC |
| arise | arose | arisen | 出现;产生 | ABC |
| awake | awoke | awoken | 唤醒;觉醒 | ABC |
| forbid | forbade/forbad | forbidden | 禁止;不许(过去式也用 forbad) | ABC |
| mistake | mistook | mistaken | 弄错;误解 | ABC |
| overtake | overtook | overtaken | 赶上;超过 | ABC |
| rewrite | rewrote | rewritten | 重写;改写 | ABC |
| sew | sewed | sewn/sewed | 缝纫(过去分词也用 sewed) | ABC |
| sow | sowed | sown/sowed | 播种(过去分词也用 sowed) | ABC |
| saw | sawed | sawn/sawed | 锯开(过去分词也用 sawed) | ABC |
| spring | sprang/sprung | sprung | 弹跳;跃起(过去式也用 sprung) | ABC |
| strive | strove/strived | striven/strived | 努力;奋斗(也用 strived) | ABC |
| swear | swore | sworn | 发誓;咒骂 | ABC |
| swell | swelled | swollen/swelled | 膨胀;肿胀(过去分词也用 swelled) | ABC |
| tear | tore | torn | 撕裂;扯破 | ABC |
| tread | trod | trodden/trod | 踩;踏(过去分词也用 trod) | ABC |
| weave | wove | woven | 编织;迂回行进 | ABC |
| withdraw | withdrew | withdrawn | 撤回;取款 | ABC |
| show | showed | shown/showed | 展示;放映(过去分词也用 showed) | ABC |
| stink | stank/stunk | stunk | 发臭;招人厌(过去式也用 stunk) | ABC |
| shrink | shrank/shrunk | shrunk/shrunken | 收缩;退缩(过去分词也用 shrunken) | ABC |
| lie | lay | lain | 躺;平卧(「说谎」为 lie-lied-lied) | ABC |
| undo | undid | undone | 解开;撤销 | ABC |
| redo | redid | redone | 重做;再做 | ABC |
| shave | shaved | shaven/shaved | 剃;刮(过去分词也用 shaved) | ABC |
| overthrow | overthrew | overthrown | 推翻;打倒 | ABC |
| undergo | underwent | undergone | 经受;接受(手术等) | ABC |
提示:斜杠标注为另一常用变体(英美式差异),小测验中两种写法都判对。read 拼写三态同形但过去式读音变为 /red/。 复制的 TSV 含表头,列依次为:原形 / 过去式 / 过去分词 / 中文释义 / 类型,直接粘贴进 Excel 即可分列。
# 不规则动词速查表:记忆口诀与常见问题
英语不规则动词不按「-ed」规则变化,过去式与过去分词各有独立形态。本页按变化形态分成四组(AAA / ABB / ABA / ABC), 每组内部形态规律一致,分组记忆比逐词背诵省力得多。配合默写模式与小测验,可把 180 个常用词分轮次刷完。
四类变化规律口诀
AAA · 三态同形
cut-cut-cut · put-put-put · let-let-let
口诀「剪放让关原样搬」:cut 剪、put 放、let 让、shut 关、hit 打、cost 花费……动词完全不变,只需注意 read 拼写不变但读音 /riːd/→/red/。
ABB · 过去式与过去分词同形
build-built-built · buy-bought-bought
口诀「过去分词跟着过去式走」:本组数量最大,按尾音再分小族记:-ought/-aught 族(buy/bring/think/teach/catch/fight)、-t 族(keep/sleep/feel/leave/lose)、-ung/-unk 族(win/sit/stick/hold)。
ABA · 过去分词与原形同形
come-came-come · run-ran-run
口诀「转一圈回到原形」:仅 come、become、run、overcome 四个常用词,中间过去式变为 -ame/-an,分词却回到开头——是四类里最少也最好记的一组。
ABC · 三态各不同
begin-began-begun · go-went-gone
口诀「i-a-u 三级跳」:大量动词走 i→a→u 元音递进(begin/drink/sing/swim/ring/sink),另有 -ew/-own 族(blow/fly/grow/know/throw)与 -en 分词族(eat/fall/give/take/break/write)。
高频易错词对比
lie / lay / lain 与 lay / laid / laid
lie(躺,不及物)→ lay → lain;lay(放置,及物,必须带宾语)→ laid → laid。lie 的过去式恰好也是 lay,最易混淆:判断标准看有没有宾语——「He lay on the bed(躺)」无宾语,「He laid the book on the table(放)」有宾语。另外 lie(说谎)是规则变化 lied-lied。
rise / rose / risen 与 raise / raised / raised
rise(上升,不及物)→ rose → risen;raise(举起/提高,及物)→ raised → raised。如「The sun rises(日出)」与「Raise your hand(举手)」。同理:hang(悬挂)hung-hung,「绞死」用 hanged-hanged;fall(跌落)fell-fallen 与 fell(砍倒,felled)也是一对。
常见问题 (FAQ)
为什么 learn 有 learnt 和 learned 两种过去式?
英式英语偏好不规则形式 learnt / dreamt / spelt / smelt / burnt / leapt,美式英语偏好规则形式 learned / dreamed / spelled / smelled / burned / leaped。两种都正确,考试写作保持一致即可;本表以斜杠并列标注,小测验中两种写法都判对。
get 的过去分词是 got 还是 gotten?
英式英语用 got,美式英语用 gotten(表示「获得」义;但 have got 表「拥有」是英式固定用法)。本表主列 got、备注 gotten,测验中两者均判对。
怎么高效记住这 180 个词?
三步法:① 先按类型分组,记住每组的「形状规律」而不是单词;② 用默写模式盖住过去式与过去分词两列,按组逐词默想后点击揭示,错的做标记;③ 每天 2-3 组开一次 10 词小测验,错的词次日重复。ABC 组词多,优先记 i-a-u 族和 -en 分词族。
数据以什么为准?
词表以维基词典《English irregular verbs 附录》与剑桥/牛津学习者词典词表两源交叉核对整理,收录 180 个最常用动词并标注英美式差异;例词读音、派生用法等请以权威词典为准。